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JCI - Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome. Inhibition of normal receptor function by mu... - 0 views

www.jci.org/115225 thyroid hormone resistance thyroid hormone resistance syndrome
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Apr 13
     
    Thyroid hormone resistance is not a new term.  This study goes back to 1991.
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An Adult Female With Resistance to Thyroid Hormone Mediated by Defective Thyr... - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...4254.abstract thyroid hormone receptor resistance
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 Nov 13
     
    case study of 6 year old with thyroid hormone resistance as a mechanism of disrupted thyroid metabolism
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Resistance to thyroid hormone due to defective thyroid receptor alpha - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4559105 thyroid hormone resistance thyroid hormones
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Apr 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Apr 16
     
    Thyroid hormone resistance.
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Acute myocardial infarction and thyroid function: New pathophysiological and therapeuti... - 0 views

informahealthcare.com/...07853890.2011.573501 thyroid hormone hormones T3 heart attack heart health myocardial infarction MI
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Sep 14
     
    Thyroid hormone plays significant role in cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction.  Thyroid hormone, particularly T3 as the vast majority of T3 is produced in heart tissue via D1 enzymatic activity, improves cardiac contractility, reduces systemic vascular resistance, reduces cardiac work load, decreases blood pressure, improves cardiac metabolism, and thus improves outcomes post MI.
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Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in the Diagnosis of Peripheral Tissue Resistance to Thyroi... - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...740.abstract hypothyroid thyroid thyroid disease T3 T4 SHBG hormone resistance hormones
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Dec 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Dec 12
     
    T3, and T4 for that matter, increases SHBG.  This would be a novel method to determine thyroid hormone receptor insensitivity or resistance.
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Cardiac Involvement in Thyroid Hormone Resistance - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...204.abstract thyroid hormone resistance thyroid hormone resistance cardiac heart
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Apr 13
     
    Thyroid hormone resistance has cardiac effects.
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Thyroid hormone receptors and resistance to thyroid hormone disorders - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4578869 receptors" "thyroid hormone thyroid receptors
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Nov 18 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Nov 18
     
    Great review on thyroid hormone receptors alpha and beta, which are nuclear receptors.
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Treatment of Resistance to Thyroid Hormone--Primum Non Nocere -- Weiss and Refetoff 84 ... - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...401 thyroid hormone hormones resistance
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Nov 10
     
    Thyroid Hormone resistance
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Effect of treatment of overt hypothyroidism on insulin resistance - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3746089 hypothyroid hypothyroidism insulin resistance thyroid hormone hormones
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Sep 13
     
    Thyroid treatment in those with hypothyroidism and insulin resistance provided no benefit to the insulin resistance.  But, Total cholesterol did improve. 
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Endocrinology of the Aging Male - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3073592 aging male hormone hormones
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • All steps beyond the formation of pregnenolone take place in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • Cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP11A is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane and catalyses the rate limiting step of pregnenolone synthesis
  • Estrogen and related steroids, thyroid hormone and insulin increase SHBG levels.
  • ...21 more annotations...
  • SHBG decreases in response to androgens, and in the presence of hypothyroidism, and insulin resistance.
  • Plasma SHBG levels tend to increase with increasing age
  • The apparent metabolic clearance rate of testosterone is decreased in elderly as compared to younger men
  • Testosterone circulates predominantly bound to the plasma proteins SHBG and albumin, with high and low affinity respectively
  • Testosterone is secreted in a pulsatile fashion
  • Current clinical guidelines suggest at least two measurements
  • In adult men, there is a well-documented diurnal variation (particularly in younger subjects) in testosterone levels, which are highest in the early morning and progressively decline throughout the day to a nadir in the evening
  • In older men, the diurnal variation is blunted
  • it is standard practice for samples to be obtained between 0800 and 1100 h.
  • Testosterone and DHEA decline, whereas LH, FSH, and SHBG rise
  • DHT remains constant despite the decline of its precursor testosterone
  • Longitudinal studies show an average annual decline of 1–2% total testosterone levels, with decline in free testosterone more rapid because of increases in SHBG with aging
  • Massachusetts Male Aging Study (MMAS) data show DHEA, DHEAS, and Ae declining at 2–3% per year
  • DHT showed no cross-sectional age trend
  • Androstanediol glucuronide (AAG) declined cross-sectionally with age in the MMAS sample, at 0.6% per year
  • The EMAS data show that, consistent with the longitudinal findings of MMAS (Figure 1), the core hormonal pattern with increasing age is suggestive of incipient primary testicular dysfunction with maintained total testosterone and progressively blunted free testosterone associated with higher LH
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 May 13
       
      This author proves the point in the review of these two studies, that TT may remain constant in aging men, however, FT drops.
  • obesity impairs hypothalamic/pituitary function
  • Androgen deprivation in men with prostate cancer has been associated with increased insulin resistance, worse glycemic control, and a significant increase in risk of incident diabetes
  • Low serum testosterone is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome 116, 117 and type 2 diabetes. 118 SHBG has been inversely correlated with type 2 diabetes
  • Improvement in insulin sensitivity with testosterone treatment has been reported in healthy 121 and diabetic 122 adult men
  • In studies conducted in men with central adiposity, testosterone has been shown to inhibit lipoprotein lipase activity in abdominal adipose tissue leading to decreased triglyceride uptake in central fat depots. 123
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Apr 13
     
    great review of hormone changes associated with aging in men.
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Kent Holtorf: Long Term Weight Loss - More Than Will Power? - 0 views

www.huffingtonpost.com/...-weight-loss---m_b_192933.html leptin reverse T3 weight loss
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • which is a major reason for the regaining of lost weight with dieting as well being the mechanism behind stress induced weight gain (it is not due to increased cortisol).
  • f greater than 10, it demonstrates there is a degree of leptin resistance contributing to an inability to lose weight
  • that it is difficult to lose weight with leptin resistance. High carbohydrate diets and in particular high-fructose corn syrup is shown to significantly increase leptin resistance and is a likely mechanism that high fructose corn syrup is associated with obesity
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • inactive thyroid hormone called thyroxine
  • it is problem inside the cell that the inactive T4 is not converted to T3 but rather to a mirror image of T3 called reverse T3. The reverse T3 has the opposite effect of T3, blocking the effects of T3 and lowering rather than increasing metabolism.
  • Studies are showing that stress and dieting (especially yo-yo dieting) can set this hormone into action as well as chronic illness such as diabetes, chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia.
  • As soon as the body senses a reduction in calories, the production of reverse T3 is stimulated to lower metabolism
  • With chronic dieting or stress, the body often stays in this "starvation mode" with elevated levels of reverse T3 and decreased levels of T3, which is a major reason for the regaining of lost weight with dieting as well being the mechanism behind stress induced weight gain (it is not due to increased cortisol).
  • which is a major reason for the regaining of lost weight with dieting as well being the mechanism behind stress induced weight gain (it is not due to increased cortisol).
  • which is a major reason for the regaining of lost weight with dieting as well being the mechanism behind stress induced weight gain (it is not due to increased cortisol).
  • Studies are showing that such standard testing will miss 80% of thyroid dysfunction
  • ree T3/reverse T3 ratio
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Mar 11
     
    Fantastic review by Dr. Holtorf on reverse T3, leptin, and weight loss
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The effects of treatment of subclinical hypothyroi... [Med Arh. 2007] - PubMed result - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...17582969 subclinical hypothyroidism insulin resistance treatment hypothyroid thyroid metabolic syndrome hormone hormones
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • These data support an important role of treatment of SH in support metabolic control and insulin sensitivity.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Feb 11
     
    Treatment of sub-clinical hypothyroidism required to improve insulin resistance
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Metabolic Effects of Liothyronine Therapy in Hypothyroidism: A Randomized, Double-Blind... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jc.2011-1329 T4 T3 hypothyroid hypothyroidism thyroid lipids weight loss metabolism cholesterol hormones
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • tissue euthyroidism is the net result of multiple steps including conversion of the prohormone T4 into its active metabolite T3, which is ultimately responsible for signaling at the end-organ target level
  • The circulating and intracellular pools of T3 of treated hypothyroid patients (i.e. devoid of endogenous TH production) depend entirely on the conversion of exogenous l-T4 into T3
  • TH is the major regulator of basal metabolic rate
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • The substitution of l-T3 for l-T4 caused a significant weight loss
  • The substitution of l-T3 for l-T4 caused a significant reduction in lipid parameters
  • Despite the increase in serum T3, the l-T3 treatment did not cause major changes in cardiovascular or musculoskeletal function, as indicated by the echocardiographic and maximal exercise tolerance tests and DXA studies.
  • The changes in serum lipid metabolism parameters are similar to the effects observed with drugs approved for the treatment of dyslipidemia
  • This differential response appears to be limited to the lipid metabolism and SHBG, whereas no differences in indices of insulin resistance were detected. This is remarkable because hyperthyroid states are associated with an increase in hepatic gluconeogenesis (37), and overt thyrotoxicosis is a known cause of secondary diabetes.
  • TH action is increased in the liver, and the SHBG increase supports this hypothesis
  • Similarly, no significant differences were observed in blood pressure, heart rate, or endothelial vascular function
  • In conclusion, the results of this pharmacology, proof-of-concept study indicate that replacement therapy of hypothyroidism with l-T3, compared with l-T4 causes weight loss and favorable changes in the lipid profile without appreciable side effects
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Sep 14
     
    Crossover study finds T3 versus T4 results in more weight loss, improved lipid management and increased SHBG without any adverse cardiovascular effects.   The T3 was dosed 3 x daily due to its short half life compared to T4.
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